October 31

Reformation Day

On October 31, 1517, Martin Luther’s challenge to a corrupted church ignited a movement that recovered the Gospel, restored Scripture to the people, and laid the theological foundation for Western liberty.

Teaching Tools & Recommended Reading

A lesson plan, a teaching guide, and books for teaching the Reformation.

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The Reformation, 1517–1534

How it unfolded

October 31, 1517

The Ninety-five Theses

Martin Luther, a professor at Wittenberg, challenges the sale of indulgences and calls for a public debate. Tradition says he posted his theses on the Castle Church door; within weeks, printers had spread them across Germany.

Summer 1519

The Leipzig Debate

Debating Johann Eck, Luther is pressed to admit that popes and councils can err, and he stands on Scripture as the final authority.

December 10, 1520

The Bull Is Burned

When Rome threatens him with excommunication in the bull Exsurge Domine, Luther burns it publicly outside Wittenberg’s walls.

April 18, 1521

Before the Emperor

Summoned to the Diet of Worms, Luther is asked to take back his books. He answers that only Scripture or plain reason can prove him wrong, and that his conscience is captive to the Word of God.

1521–1522

Hidden at the Wartburg

Sheltered in Wartburg Castle by Elector Frederick the Wise, Luther translates the New Testament into the German of ordinary people. It is printed in September 1522.

June 25, 1530

The Augsburg Confession

At the Diet of Augsburg, the confession of faith written by Philip Melanchthon is read before the Emperor, setting out what the reformers believed.

1534

The Whole Bible in German

Luther’s complete German Bible is published, putting Scripture in the hands of ordinary families and helping to shape the German language itself.

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